http://psoriasisaustralia.org.au/ Australia 银屑病 (牛皮廯) Association.
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发病部位：头皮，手足，指甲，后背，身体支干， 口舌。
传染途径：肢体接触， 宠物接触。
预防：抑制真菌 ，干爽洁净， 防汗防湿， 预防各种过敏物质。
护肤用品： 少用Hua学制品，多用天然产品。
多吃生菜生果，吸收自然养份， 特别是自然粘稠汁的南瓜，木瓜，意大利黄瓜，冬瓜， 芹菜，红罗卜等；
各种香草：罗勒，香菜， 还有挥发性的油性物质。Good natural remedies.
紫外线灯光照射。焦油：夜间涂抹
蔬菜榨汁：如红罗卜汁，菠菜汁， 生木瓜.
少吃刺激性的食物：辣椒，洋葱，大蒜，韭菜等。
English Terminology:
Varicella skin rash, 水痘皮疹 / mold skin rash 模子皮疹 / Rubella Skin Rash 风疹皮疹 / Ringworm skin rash 癣皮疹 / Eczema (a red skin rash) 湿疹 .
激素类药物： Cortisone 。 可的松 ( 一种激素 , 提取自肾上腺或若干种热带植物中 , 用于关节病, etc )
西药：Cortisone,
tar, anthralin (Dithranol) andvitamin D based (calcipotriol) creams and
ointments remain the mainstay oftreatment for most with psoriasis.
紫外线灯光照射。焦油：夜间涂抹
自然疗法： Home Remedies for Ringworm
* Rawpapaya is one of the most effective home remedies for ringworm. 生木瓜。
*
Raw vegetable juices, especially carrotjuice in combination with
spinach juice, have proved beneficial in thetreatment of ringworm. 蔬菜榨汁：如红罗卜汁，菠菜汁，
*Miconazole (Monistat-Derm). * The seeds of the herb butea are valuable inringworm.
*
Take afew mustard seeds and powder them. Thereafter, make a paste using
water. Applythe paste on the ringworm-affected area and see its
wonderful effects.
* Applythe juice extracted from the Holy basil leaves 罗勒汁液 on thepatch twice or thrice a day.
* over-the-counter
antifungal cream, like the kind adults use forathlete's foot. Look for a
product with one or two per cent of clotrimazole ormiconazole. Some
children are sensitive to these creams, so try using a little bitof the
cream first to see how your child's skin reacts.
Treatment 。
Ringwormusually responds well to treatment with antifungal creams,
which can bepurchased over the counter at the pharmacy. Treatment with
antifungal creamscan take one week to several weeks. Your doctor might
recommend that you keepapplying the cream to the area for a week after
the rash has disappeared toprevent recurrence.
Ifantifungal creams don’t work, or the ringworm is on your child’s scalp, yourdoctor might prescribe special antifungal tablets.
These need to betaken under medical supervision. If the infection is on
the scalp, your childmight have bald patches for a few weeks after it
has cleared. Don’t worry,though – the hair will grow back.
Encourageyour child to stop scratching the affected area. It’s a good idea to treat allfamily members affected by ringworm.
Treatment of Ringworm
Treatmentof Ringworm include the following :
*Fluconazole
(Diflucan) . * The leaves of the cassia tree are useful inirritation of
the skin and in alleviating swellings and pains. * Theleaves of holy
basil are also useful in ringworm. * The juice of rawturmeric should be
applied externally to the parts of the skin affected byringworm. *
Itraconazole (Sporanox). * Ketoconazole (Nizoral).
HomeRemedies for Ringworm
* Rawpapaya is one of the most effective home remedies for ringworm. 生木瓜。
*
Raw vegetable juices, especially carrotjuice in combination with
spinach juice, have proved beneficial in thetreatment of ringworm. 蔬菜榨汁：如红罗卜汁，菠菜汁，
*Miconazole (Monistat-Derm). * The seeds of the herb butea are valuable inringworm.
*
Take afew mustard seeds and powder them. Thereafter, make a paste using
water. Applythe paste on the ringworm-affected area and see its
wonderful effects.
* Applythe juice extracted from the Holy basil leaves on the patch twice or thrice aday.
over-the-counterantifungal
cream, like the kind adults use for athlete's foot. Look for aproduct
with one or two per cent of clotrimazole or miconazole. Some childrenare
sensitive to these creams, so try using a little bit of the cream first
tosee how your child's skin reacts. Ketoconazole-containing medicines arevery effective in the treatment for ringworm. Nizoral shampoo containsketoconazole (a powerful antifungal substance) and it is commonly used in thetreatment for ringworm. The shampoo should be applied on the scalp and on the entirebody skin in order to ensure complete eradication of the infectious fungi.Nizoral should be used 2-3 times a week in order to achieve the best results.
Hydrochloride cream (Lamisil) is also very effective in overcoming fungalinfections and it has been successfully used in the treatment for ringworm.Lamisil should be used daily, applying the cream on the affected regions of theskin. In order to potentate the action of the cream, the skin needs to be cleanand dry.
Although external treatments for ringworm are effective in overcominginfections of the skin, if the disease affects the nails, oral medications arerequired. Oral Lamisil and Griseofulvin are common in the treatment forringworm and they can be successfully used in overcoming infections of thenails. However, keep in mind that the oral treatments for ringworm have manyside-effects and they aren't recommended for long-term use. If you havedermatophytosis, it is best to pay a visit to your dermatologist in order toreceive the treatment for ringworm that is most appropriate to you.
Cortisone, tar, anthralin (Dithranol)and vitamin D based (calcipotriol) creams and ointments remain the mainstay oftreatment for most with psoriasis.
CORTISONE (STEROID) CREAMS
These are the commonest treatment prescribed for psoriasis and are helpful inreducing inflammation and irritation. The main problems are that the skin canbecome accustomed to the steroid over a period of time and, with prolonged useof strong cortisone creams, thinning of the skin can occur. The choice ofsteroid varies depending on the severity of the lesions and their location(e.g. scalp, face or skin folds). You should check with your doctor andpharmacist about how often and for how long the steroid cream prescribed foryou can be used on the same area. Also, by attending your doctor’s recommendedfollow-up appointments, your doctor can assess and tailor your ongoingmanagement plan to minimise risk of both of these problems.
TAR
Tar has been used for over one hundred years and is usually effective intreating psoriasis. Unfortunately, it can be smelly and may stain clothing.Tars are made from the distillation of coal and wood. They can be used ascreams and shampoos. Application is usually at night to minimise odour duringthe day. Tars may also make you more sensitive to the sun.
CALCIPOTRIOL
Calcipotriol is a medication related to vitamin D and can be effective intreating psoriasis. It is usually well tolerated. It can cause irritation,particularly when used on sensitive skin areas such as the face or groin. If itis making your psoriasis redder, angrier or more itchy and uncomfortable, youshould stop its use and see your doctor. If too much is used (a greater amountthan recommended, particularly in children), there is the possibility ofincreasing the level of calcium in the blood. The calcium level in the bloodmay be checked periodically if large quantities are required.
ANTHRALIN (DITHRANOL)
Anthralin is extracted from tree bark. It can be used in a thick ointment thatis left on overnight, sometimes under dressings, or more commonly applied athigher concentrations for 10-15 minutes before removal.
Anthralin is usually very effective in treating psoriasis. The mainpotential problems with anthralin are irritation of the skin, temporary skindiscolouration and permanent staining of fabric.
LIGHT TREATMENT (PHOTOTHERAPY)
People with psoriasis often take advantage of natural sunlight’s beneficialeffects. Sunlight is made up of visible light and a variety of invisible rays.These invisible rays include ultraviolet and infrared or heat rays. Theultraviolet wavelengths of sunlight have been shown to be most effective inimproving psoriasis.
Light treatment is effective in most people with psoriasis. Light is mainlyused for treating people with widespread psoriasis. There are three main typesof ultraviolet (UV) light treatment used in Australia to treat psoriasis:Narrow Band UVB, Broad Band UVB and PUVA. A measured dose of the appropriatewavelength of light is delivered by a number of specially designed fluorescenttubes that line the walls of a special light cabinet (for treating the wholebody) or organised in panels designed for treating just the hands and/or feet.
Unfortunately, as is widely known, ultraviolet light can cause skin cancer.However, when creams have failed, ultraviolet light is usually extremelyeffective, but may not work for everyone with psoriasis. In order to minimisethe dangers, special treatment methods have been developed.
UVA is the “weakest” form of ultraviolet light and this is combined with theadministration of psoralens, natural substances which come from plants likecelery. The combination is called PUVA which is short for psoralens and UVA.This combination, however, has the highest risk of side effects.
Another method is the use of Narrow Band UVB. This can be likened to tuninga radio to a single band (around 311nm). The wavelength of light determines thequality or effects of different parts of the light spectrum such as warmth,colour and ability to burn the skin. This narrowband incorporates the sun’smost beneficial rays for treating psoriasis and leads to faster and moreprolonged benefits compared to broadband phototherapy and natural sunlight.NB-UVB does not contain ultraviolet’s shorter, most sunburning and potentiallydangerous wavelengths.
Because it is a powerful and potentially dangerous treatment, ultravioletlight should only be administered by practitioners skilled in its use.Disadvantages include the need for several treatments a week over severalweeks, and long term damage to the skin, including a possible increased risk ofskin cancers, and increased skin (photo)ageing.
Light treatment is available at some hospitals, Skin and Cancer Foundationsand at some dermatologists’ offices.
ORAL (INTERNAL) TREATMENTS
A number of tablet treatments are available, and these have proven veryeffective in most people living with psoriasis but, like all medications andtherapies, can cause potentially serious side effects. These treatments includemethotrexate, acitretin and cyclosporin. Careful choice of therapy and skilledmonitoring reduce the potential risks of these therapies, which are generallyvery effective in controlling even severe cases of psoriasis. Methotrexate istaken once a week and works largely via modulating the immune system. Acitretinis a derivative of vitamin A. Acitretin helps program the skin cells back tonormal and also has effects on the immune system. Cyclosporin, likemethotrexate, works via its effects on the immune system.
NEW INTERNAL TREATMENTS
A number of new biological agents have been developed or are under developmentfor treating psoriasis. These interfere with the immune mechanisms that lead topsoriasis, helping to rebalance or normalise the skin immune system. They workby targeting the abnormal immune cells or their chemical products involved incausing lesions of psoriasis.
At present, only a limited number of biological agents have been shown to beeffective in treating psoriasis. These all need to be given by injection (intoa vein or into muscle). They are currently used for more severe andrecalcitrant cases, and are expensive.
NATURAL THERAPIES AND LIFESTYLE CHANGES
People who smoke have a higher risk of developing psoriasis than non-smokers.Giving up smoking after the onset of psoriasis will not, unfortunately, lead tothe clearance of psoriasis.
People with psoriasis often take advantage of natural sunlight’s beneficialeffects. Light therapy using a special fluorescent light bulb is, however,safer and more effective.
Any cream with moisturising properties can be beneficial in improvingpsoriasis and this is the probable basis for a number of non-prescription“miracle” treatments.
Diet has not been shown to be an important factor in controlling or treatingpsoriasis. However, obesity leading to large folds of skin can make psoriasisin these folds difficult to manage. Excessive alcohol consumption may worsenpsoriasis.
Wearing light rather than dark coloured clothes can make shed skin flakesless obvious.
Vitamin A and vitamin D are beneficial in psoriasis, but the high dosesrequired to help those with psoriasis are potentially toxic or dangerous. Thus,safer, less toxic vitamin analogues have been developed (calcipotriol &acetretin) which require a prescription from your doctor. Check with yourdoctor before taking a specific high dose vitamin A or vitamin D supplement.
Psychological distress can have profound effects on the immune system. Suchdistress is reported as a trigger factor by around two thirds of people withpsoriasis, and the most stressed do least well in therapy. A psychologist maybe able to teach you better ways of coping with the problem.
IN SUMMARY …
With appropriate treatment, psoriasis can be well controlled for the vastmajority of sufferers and a normal lifestyle enjoyed. Unfortunately, noteveryone responds to all therapies and, in some people, particularly those withmore severe psoriasis, combination therapy may be required.
At this stage it is not possible to cure psoriasis.
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